Fassil Cell Analogy 🏫

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1rK8rl-E-e3bziqA9CLlm3wsI2llzCyBpowAXQ9wYtFs/edit#slide=id.g4b64d184c_03

Cell analogy | School

Enzyme Lab      Jonny Brekke

Hypothesis: I predict that the higher the PH is the faster the enzyme reaction will be.

Independent Variable: PH levels

Dependent Variable: Height of the foam

Controlled Variables: The amount of enzyme extract, water and hydrogen peroxide

Justification of hypothesis: I chose my hypothesis, because I believed there would be more bubbles from the different acidic levels depending on how weak or strong they are.

Materials (Your Team’s Experiment):

• Beaker
• mortar
• pestle
• bindweed
• test tube
• ruler
• timer
• hydrogen peroxide
• pipet
• paper towel
• scissors

Procedure: First you gather bindweed. Once you have gathered the bindweed you cut of the leaves. Then you use the mortar and pestle to mash up the bindweed to a mashed substance. Add 20 ml of water to the substance. After the bindweed has turned into a liquidy substance put a paper towel over a beaker and slowly pour the bindweed substance through to paper towel. Squeeze the paper towel to extract any left over liquid. Then pour the substance into a test tube. After, add the different PH levels to each tube.Add 1/2 ml of hydrogen peroxide to each extract. The extract acts as a base. Then Observe for 50 seconds. Repeat with a solution of extract, peroxide and hydrochloric pH 3-4 sodium hydroxide pH 10 and hydroxide pH 12.

Data and Results:  

Conclusion: As a result to our lab my hypothesis was proven correct. The higher the pH levels are the faster the enzyme reac. During our first lab attempt we failed to properly insert the different PH levels and diluted bindweed extract. This caused the enzyme reaction to be slower. In our second attempt we made sure to separate the different pH levels. By doing this is caused a better reaction. Resulting in larger foaming levels and in a shorter time. This means that the higher the PH levels the faster the enzymes react.

Enzyme Lab- Fasssil 🔬🌾

  Enzyme Lab                  BY:    Fasssil Mekonnen

Introduction 

Enzymes are biological molecules (proteins) that act as a catalyst with three characteristics. First, the basic function of an enzyme is to increase the rate of reactions. Second, a majority of enzymes act only with one reactant called a substrate to produce a product. Third enzymes are regulated from a state of low to high activity and vice versa. Enzymes are specific catalysts and usally only work on one job.

materials 

• distilled water 
• Oak grass 2.8 g
• hydrogen peroxide 
• test tubes
• ice 
• test tube holders 
• beakers 
• scale 
• water heater

procedure

1. collected Oak grass
2. mashed up the Oak grass 
3. got test tubes and test tube holder
4. put liquid oak grass in the test tubes  
5. tested with room temperature  
6. than tested with cold temperature 0 degrees celsius 
7. tested with hot temperature 50 degrees celsius 
8. recorded data  
9. I had fun

purpose

The purpose of our experiment was to see if changing the temperature would change the rate of reaction.   

Conclusion

How would changing the temperature affect the rate of reaction? My hypothesis is that the oak grass would react faster in cold temperatures. First Syra and I collected some freshly picked oak grass. Then we mashed it up into a liquid solution. Then we placed the liquid solutions in three test tubes about 2 mm in each. The first solution we tested was at room temperature (20°c). It had the fastest reaction of the three we tested. Then we tested at cold temperatures (0°c). The reaction was much slower compared to the room temperature. After that we tested at at a hot temperature (50°c). The reaction was really similar to the room temperature test. It was just a tiny bit slower. In conclusion my hypothesis was wrong,and changing the temperature does change the rate of reaction.

	0 degrees celsius	20 degrees celsius	50 degrees celsius
0 sec	0 mm	0 mm	0 mm
10 sec	2 mm	30 mm	19 mm
20 sec	4 mm	35 mm	25 mm
30 sec	7 mm	40 mm	33 mm
40 sec	10 mm	45 mm	40 mm
50 sec	12 mm	49 mm	42 mm
60 sec	14 mm	50 mm	45 mm

Mason Mowery's Cell Analogy link

Mason Mowery's Cell Analogy link

Peroxidase Enzyme Lab Cold V.S Hot

Peroxidase Enzyme Lab by Mason Mowery

Introduction:

Enzymes are proteins made up of amino acids that are catalysts in reactions inside and outside of almost every living organism, and are activated by substates like hydrogen peroxide. They help our body in many ways including our immune system and digestive system. In the immune system enzymes alter toxins into harmless substances, and enzymes in the digestive system brake down giving us a good source of protein. Our experiment is taking place to find the optimum temperature for enzymes to react.

Hypothesis: If the temperature of an enzyme is increased then the more effective it will be at decomposing hydrogen peroxide.

Materials

• 5 to 10 grams of freshly picked bindweed vines with leaves (about 1 handful)
• Mortar and pestle
• Distilled water
• 3 100-liter glass or plastic beakers
• 1 mL or 5 mL syringe
• Hydrogen peroxide
• 1 Paper towel square (for filtration)
• Glass test tubes
• Test tube rack or holder
• Small plastic ruler
• Safety glasses
• Ice
• Large plastic beaker (for ice bath)
• Hot water
• Large plastic beaker (for hot water bath)
• Thermometers
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Procedure
  
  
  
  
  1st: Gather Materials
  2nd: Refer to lab set up
  3rd: Crush bindweed
  4th: Measure 20 ml of hydrogen peroxide
  5th;Tape test tube to ruler ( cm side ) sd
  6th:put 1.cc (1.5cm) bindweed in the test tube
  7th: put 1.cc (1.5cm) peroxide in a seprete test tube
  8th: put test tubes in varying celsius for 2 min
  9th:time the reaction time to 2 min
  10th:record data in a bar graph
  11th:write a conclusion
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  (test tube)(degrees Celsius)(hight in centimeters)(hight reaction)(avrage)

  1st	50 deg C	1.6 cent	49.48 sec	av .0323
  2nd	25 deg C	4.4 cent	2:45.80 sec	av .0265
  3rd	20 deg C	.5 cent	67 sec	av .00756
  4th	1 deg C	.7 cent	80 sec	av  .00875

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

  Conclusions:

  
  
  Our enzyme lab began with a rocky start. We could not find the bindweed, we had very little thought in which direction to take the lab, and we had to remake and re-collect any supplies that we had originally collected. Once able to collect the supplies I was capable of preparing the solutions of bindweed and hydrogen peroxide. Each solution was 1cc or 1.5cm tall in the test tubes. After finalizing the set up of solutions I observed the thickness of the bindweed set up and inferred that the extra substance is from the exposed enzymes. I did note that when we poured the hydrogen peroxide into the test tubes the glass formed for a second due to lack of previous cleaning. This could have had an effect on the reaction that occurred in the test tube because a portion of the peroxide had already reacted to something else. Our final preparation consisted of gathering a timer  and the temperature controlled boxes. The separate boxes temperatures consisted of 50 25 20, and 1 degree(s) celsius.
  
  The first test ran two times due to a spillage and a lack of communication, but the second time ran a lot smoother.  The water in the first chamber was 50 degrees celsius, which was a notable difference to the cold morning air that filled the room. I noticed that the moment the two test tubes hit the water, the glass foged up. After waiting two minutes for the substances to reach 50’ celcius we pulled the test tubes out, and pourd the peroxide into the enzyme. After the peroxide settled, bubbles reached up to 1.6 cm higher than the liquid mixture, and stayed in that spot for a few seconds before receading. The next test tube was in a controlled enviornment of 25 degrees celcius for two minutes. These test tubes also fogged up but at a slower rate. This gave me the impression that the reaction time of the enzymes would be slower, but I was wrong. It actually took  2:45.80 seconds to reach its maximum bubble hight of 4.4cm more than the solutions hight. Amazeingly enough no discoloration was found in the solution after or during the reaction.
  
  
  The last two tests were run at 20C and 1C. The 20C test was the room temperature at the 
  time and it only gave me the increase of .5cent which is odd due to the fact that its not that far of from 25C. The final test as expected was low .7 increase, but oddly it had a higher increase than room temperature. From my experiment I have learned that my hypothesis was correct because the higher temperature got the most increase. Altho it was a good lab we should have spent more time as a whole to figure out problems and even solve the mystery of the room temperature test. I also should have cleaned the equipment before use, but in a whole we did good.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

Enzyme pH lab

pH and it’s effect on enzymes

Introduction:

Our experiment tested how enzymes are affected by different pH levels. Enzymes are proteins made up of amino acids which act as catalysts in an organic reaction. These catalysts turn toxins into harmless substances, help you digest, and boost your immune system. Enzymes are triggered by substrates such as hydrogen peroxide or lactase. Not only do enzymes help in digestion, but they speed up any reaction in the human body. Enzymes can be found in almost any living thing on earth.

Purpose:

To test how the rate of a chemical reaction between an enzyme and substrate varies with different pH levels.

Hypothesis:

My hypothesis stated that the enzymes rate of reaction increases as a mixture becomes more basic. If pH levels are related to the enzyme’s rate of reaction, the more basic the solution is, the bigger the column of foam triggered by the reaction will be.

Materials:

Hydrochloric acid

sodium hydroxide

hydrogen peroxide

water

syringes

beakers

safety goggles

test tubes

bindweed

Mortar and pestle

Iphone

Procedure:

1.) Go to the garden and pick a handful of bindweed

2.) Grind up the bindweed leaves in a mortar and pestle

3.) Add 20 ml of H2O to the mortar containing the bindweed and blend with the pestle

4.) Extract the enzyme by pouring the bindweed mixture through a paper towel into a beaker

5.) Put 1 ml of the extract into each test tubes with 1 ml of the varying pH Mixtures

6.)  Add ½ ml of hydrogen peroxide to one test tube at a time

7.) Measure the reaction in mm with a ruler

8.) Repeat steps 6 and 7 until all test tubes have been used

9.) Record and analyze results

Observations and data:

	7 pH		10 pH		7.5 pH		6.5 pH		5.5 pH
	control 1	control 2	pH 12//1	pH 12//2	pH 10//1	pH 10//2	pH 3-4//1	pH 3-4//2	pH 2-3//1	pH 2-3//2
	3.87	3.14	1.46	2.98	0.46	1.68	1.16	3.51	1.54	1.66
	6.29	13.07	3.17	4.32	1.37	3.19	4.21	8.37	5.43	4.96
	8.2	17.35	5.28	5.93	2.53	4.67	7.54	27.58	12.04	10.81
	10.15	20.98	6.67	8.17	4.41	6.55	10.85			17.37
	12.56	24.68	8.23	12.68	5.14	8.14	13.78
	15.94	29.94	9.68	15.49	6.37	9.77	17.04
	20.3		11.26	17.94	7.7	11.72	24.59
	23.18		12.91	20.78	9.41	13.6
	26.14		14.74	24.16	10.91	15.94
	29.45		17.34		12.9	18.34
	32.88				14.28
	36.63				17.3
	40.94

Data analysis:

The graph is read as every point being one mm.  Each of these lines is the average of our two experiments for every different pH.

Conclusion:

Our data shows that the control and higher basic pHs affected the enzyme’s reaction the most. With the pH of 10 and 12, the foam reaction was much larger and sustained for a longer amount of time than either of the acidic solutions. Because of this data, my hypothesis tested correct. An abiotic factor such as pH levels influence the rate of a reaction in an enzyme most with basic solutions, such as sodium hydroxide. More basic bodies would result in faster reactions with enzymes, causing your body to be overall healthy. With a more acidic body, reactions will take longer time and you may be less healthy.